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Interactive effect of genetic susceptibility with height, body mass index, and hormone replacement therapy on the risk of breast cancer
Sophia Harlid, Salma Butt, Malin IL Ivarsson, Jorunn Eyfj？rd, Per Lenner, Jonas Manjer, Joakim Dillner, Joyce Carlson
BMC Women's Health , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-12-17
Abstract: We analyzed samples from three different study populations: two prospectively followed Swedish cohorts and one Icelandic case–control study. Totally 2884 invasive breast cancer cases and 4508 controls were analysed in the study. Genotypes were determined using Mass spectrometry-Maldi-TOF and phenotypic variables were derived from measurements and/or questionnaires. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using unconditional logistic regression with the inclusion of an interaction term in the logistic regression model.One SNP (rs851987 in ESR1) tended to interact with height, with an increasingly protective effect of the major allele in taller women (p？=？0.007) and rs13281615 (on 8q24) tended to confer risk only in non users of HRT (p-for interaction？=？0.03). There were no significant interactions after correction for multiple testing.We conclude that much larger sample sets would be necessary to demonstrate interactions between low-risk genetic polymorphisms and the phenotypic variables height, BMI and HRT on the risk for breast cancer. However the present hypothesis-generating study has identified tendencies that would be of interest to evaluate for gene-environment interactions in independent materials.Genome wide association studies (GWAS), have discovered several new genetic polymorphisms affecting breast cancer risk [1-3]. Even though these individual risk-factors each confer quite small increases in risk, a positive association is seen between the number of risk alleles carried and risk for breast cancer [4,5].The phenotypic variables height, body mass index (BMI) and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reflect to varying degrees genetic background and environmental exposure. Both height and BMI have previously been shown to associate with breast cancer [6,7]. Increase in height has been shown to yield a proportional increase in breast cancer risk and obese women have a greater risk to contract postmenopausal breast cancer. Increased risk
Genetic predisposition, parity, age at first childbirth and risk for breast cancer
Salma Butt, Sophia Harlid, Signe Borgquist, Malin Ivarsson, G？ran Landberg, Joakim Dillner, Joyce Carlson, Jonas Manjer
BMC Research Notes , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-414
Abstract: The Malm？ Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) included 17 035 female participants, from which 728 incident breast cancer cases were matched to 1448 controls. The associations between 14 SNPs and breast cancer risk were investigated in different strata of parity and age at first childbirth. A logistic regression analysis for the per allele risk, adjusted for potential confounders yielded odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Six of the previously identified SNPs showed a statistically significant association with breast cancer risk: rs2981582 (FGFR2), rs3803662 (TNRC9), rs12443621 (TNRC9), rs889312 (MAP3K1), rs3817198 (LSP1) and rs2107425 (H19). We could not find any statistically significant interaction between the effects of tested SNPs and parity/age at first childbirth on breast cancer risk after adjusting for multiple comparisons.The results of this study are in agreement with previous studies of null interactions between tested SNPs and parity/age at first childbirth with regard to breast cancer risk.The risk of breast cancer among first-degree relatives of a breast cancer patient is about twice as high as in the general population [1]. The genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with the risk of breast cancer [2], however these genes account for only 30-40% of the familial breast cancer cases, and only 3-4% of the total number of breast cancer cases [2]. A much larger proportion of all cases have been associated with environmental factors such as reproductive history, life-style and endogenous hormonal levels. Two important factors associated with breast cancer risk are parity and age at first childbirth [3].Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have recently identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer risk [4-7]. Certain combinations of these polymorphisms and reproductive factors could affect the susceptibility for breast cancer.The Malm？ Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) is a prospective population-based cohort in
The inflammatory potential of diet in determining cancer risk; A prospective investigation of two dietary pattern scores
Bethany Van Guelpen,Ingegerd Johansson,James R. Hébert,Lena Maria Nilsson,Maria Wennberg,Nitin Shivappa,Robin Myte,Sophia Harlid,Stina Bodén
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214551
Abstract:
Photochemical Properties of Precipitated Solid Aerosol Produced by Burning of Titanium Microparticles under Ambient Air  [PDF]
Valery Zakharenko, Sophia Khromova
Materials Sciences and Applications (MSA) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/msa.2010.12017
Abstract: In order to neutralize a drastic pollution of the environment (technogenic catastrophe) it is suggested to use technogenic technologies of chemical compound decontamination. One in such technologies can be the technology using metal oxide solid aerosols which are active in removal of pollutant compounds and obtainable by combustion under ambient air of appropriate metal particles, for example, aluminum, magnesium, titanium and etc. It is shown that the titanium dioxide out of an solid aerosol, obtained by pyrotechnic mixture combustion containing titanium microparticles has optic, chemical and photocatalytic properties close to properties of titanium dioxide produced by a different way. The production of such aerosol in direct place of a technogenic catastrophe can be made for the cleaning of atmosphere near a pollution source.
The Upper Jordan River Algal Communities are Evidence of Long-Term Climatic and Anthropogenic Impacts  [PDF]
Sophia S. Barinova, Eviatar Nevo
Journal of Water Resource and Protection (JWARP) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2010.26058
Abstract: Spatial and temporal algal diversity changes were studied in the major drinking water source of Israel - the Upper Jordan River. During 2006-2009, we found 232 species and infraspecies of algae and cyanobacteria: 85 of which were new for the Upper Jordan River Basin including three new for Israel. During many years of study of the Upper Jordan River, we collected information for the database of algal diversity. Historical analysis from 1883 to 2009 shows fluctuation of the whole algal diversity. Environmental indicator species show peaks in 1951, 1965, 1978, and 2009. Salinity impact was found in 1938 and 2000; acidification was detected in 1938, 1996, and 2000, and organic pollution, in 1996. Therefore, we can conclude that 1938, 1996, and 2000 were critical periods for the Upper Jordan River ecosystem. Indication of the trophic status shows stress of organic pollution since the 1970s, which was marked by dramatic increases in eutraphentic and hypereutraphentic species. The present analysis shows three peaks in the fluctuation in diversity throughout the river canal, which correlated with the organic pollution impact from the Masade village effluence in the middle reaches and near Lake Kinneret. Pollution was significant in rainy winters and stimulated species diversity development. The different approaches in comparing diversity in each river of the Upper Jordan Basin revealed that hydrology is a major regulating factor in species composition of the algal communities, which were formed under the influence of regional climatic factors. Therefore, the river can be highlighted as a natural system with high buffering and a self-purification capacity at the present time.
Identification of Unknown Groundwater Pollution Sources and Determination of Optimal Well Locations Using ANN-GA Based Simulation-Optimization Model  [PDF]
Sophia Leichombam, Rajib Kumar Bhattacharjya
Journal of Water Resource and Protection (JWARP) , 2016, DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2016.83034
Abstract: The linked simulation-optimization model can be used for solving a complex groundwater pollution source identification problem. Advanced simulators have been developed and successfully linked with numerous optimization algorithms for identification of groundwater pollution sources. However, the identification of pollution sources in a groundwater aquifer using linked simulation-optimization model has proven to be computationally expensive. To overcome this computational burden, an approximate simulator, the artificial neural network (ANN) model can be used as a surrogate model to replace the complex time-consuming numerical simulation model. However, for large-scale aquifer system, the performance of the ANN-based surrogate model is not satisfactory when a single ANN model is used to predict the concentration at different observation locations. In such a situation, the model efficiency can be enhanced by developing separate ANN model for each of the observation locations. The number of ANN models is equal to the number of observation wells in the aquifer. As a result, the complexity of the ANN-based simulation-optimization model will be related to the number of observation wells. Thus, this study used a modified formulation to find out the optimal numbers of observation wells which will eventually reduce the computational time of the model. The performance of the ANN-based simulation-optimization model is evaluated by identifying the groundwater pollutant sources of a hypothetical study area. The limited evaluation shows that the model has the potential for field application.
Industrial Archaeology as Historical Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology
Sophia Labadi
Papers from the Institute of Archaeology , 2001, DOI: 10.5334/pia.162
Abstract: This article aims to analyse some of the issues and recent evolutions in the definition and theorisation of industrial archaeology. The chronological boundaries of the field are first of all analysed to demonstrate that it is difficult to restrict the scope of industrial archaeology to the Industrial Revolution. The second aim of this paper is to examine the thematic boundaries of industrial archaeology using recent publications in historical archaeology. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of industrial archaeology using a variety of subjects, approaches and methods is stressed. The final aim of this paper is to define industrial archaeology as cultural anthropology, concerned with studying and explaining people at work in different settings. These ideas are illustrated using a number of case studies from Europe and Africa.
Sensory Evaluation of Multiple Fortified Stock Powder
Sophia Darko
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition , 2010,
Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine consumer sensory acceptability of multiple fortified stock powder in beef stew as compared to unfortified stock powder, which was used as a control. The panelists included 10 students from the Vaal University of Technology in the Republic of South Africa aged between 18 and 23 years consisting of nine females and one male, who have some knowledge of food evaluation and were also consumers of beef. The multiple fortified stock powder was classified as a functional food in the light of the addition of a range of nutrients. Ten semi-trained panelists, evaluated three differently prepared beef stew samples based on colour, flavour, off-flavour and after flavour acceptability by using a 5-point hedonic scale. Two samples were cooked for 10 min and 30 min respectively with fortified stock powder and the other sample with unfortified stock powder. The hedonic scale ranged from “unacceptable” (which was assigned the value of one), “moderately unacceptable” (value of 2), “acceptable” (value of 3),” moderately acceptable” (value of 4) and “highly acceptable” (value of 5) respectively. The results showed that multiple fortified stock powder cooked in beef stew was appreciably accepted by the semi- trained panel. Multiple fortified stock powder is comparable to ordinary stock powder in acceptability and would be accepted when introduced into the market with accompanying education. In conclusion, sensory evaluation should precede all future micronutrient food fortification programmes and multiple fortified stock powder should be promoted as a potential functional food.
Research Perspectives in the Nurse Practitioner's role in Smoking Cessation Therapy
Chan Sophia
Tobacco Induced Diseases , 2005, DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-3-25
Abstract:
Esther Leslie: "Synthetic Worlds: Nature, Art and the Chemical Industry" (book review)
Sophia Efstathiou
Hyle : International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry , 2010,
Abstract: book review of Esther Leslie: "Synthetic Worlds: Nature, Art and the Chemical Industry"
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